The Diagnosis And Staging Of Cancer Staging cancer is a procedure of determining an individual’s cancer details like tumor size and whether it has spread to other body parts. This stage helps in guiding decisions made concerning treatment. There are different cancer diagnosis which is made use of in a patient with cancer. The imaging[…]
Introduction This assignment will provide a patient overview, acute presenting issue, family and social history, potential stereotypes, and comorbidities for a patient above the age of 65 years old. This profile will serve to show how people aged 65 years and older constitute a unique demographic that should be understood in their specific clinical contexts.[…]
Most patients in medical-surgical units tend to spend much of their leisure time watching television. This, however, is discouraged by medics due to the adverse effects it has on patients. This paper uses article critique techniques to highlight some of the effects of excessive television watching and screen time. In addition, the paper suggests some[…]
Article Name: Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in every childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR by Endang Bachtiar and Boy Bachtiar Data collection methods and procedures: Physiological measurement Is the rationale given for why a particular instrument or method was selected? Physiological data collection entails using a specialized tool to measure the biological and[…]
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance has huge global implications. According to experts, abuse of antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs is the biggest catalyst of resistance development against medications. This article looks at the facts of antimicrobial resistance as well as the present state of the phenomenon on a global scale while also considering the plausible explanations for[…]
Introduction ACE inhibitor-associated with angioedema was first reported in the 1980s, which has been a potential impact on the people of African origin. However, the major factors attributed to the causes have not been identified despite the many research studies conducted. For instance, the application of ACE inhibitors has increased hypertension and heart failure over[…]
The use of drugs and substance abuse among young people has been one of the issues that affect young people’s lives. Most people start taking drugs as young as ten years of age. Most of the people who take the drugs do not know the harm they are engaging themselves in. Some of the young[…]
Introduction A Percutaneous nephrostomy is a surgical procedure that is done with an aim of draining urine from the kidney which may be blocked into a thin plastic bag that is usually outside the body. During the process a nephrostomy tube which is a flexible rubber tube is used to drain the urine (Flannigan et al.,[…]
Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Research objectives 2 Hypotheses 2 Significance of the study 2 Literature Review 3 Chapter 2: Methods 5 Research design 5 Locale of the study 5 Participants 5 Instrumentation 5 Data gathering procedure 11 Data analysis 11 Ethical Consideration 12 References 13 Chapter 1: Introduction Over the years, the[…]
Breast cancer is among the leading deadly disease across the world. It is the ultimate cancer incidence among women. Although breast cancer is associated with a high death rate, the infection can be detected, diagnosed, and treated if identified early enough. Historically, medical professionals could see the possibility of breast cancer by feeling a lump[…]
Comparing the accuracy of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging during the diagnosis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Abstract Pancreatic adenocarcinoma consists the most common form of pancreatic cancer, one of the most prevalent malignant diseases on a worldwide level. Its poor prognosis, even when in cases that it is diagnosed in the relatively early stages of[…]
Introduction Non-medical prescribing (NMP) has contributed to one of the most significant changes amongst healthcare professionals; a resultant modification from the roles that were traditionally fulfilled (Cooper et al, 2006). Based on an initial model of supplementary prescribing (SP) that was developed in the 1990’s which was solely in use by community nurses, the adaption[…]
PEM Preventing Microbial Infection The large ectoplasmic domain and complicated glycosylation pattern of polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) allows for its role as an inhibitor of pathogenic infection. In the gastrointestinal tract, steric inhibition prevents the invasion of normal flora as bacteria have been shown to interact directly with mucin structures at the epithelial surface. The[…]
Background and aims A pilot study (also known as a feasibility study) is a small-scale study designed to test logistics and gather information prior to a larger study, in order to improve the latter’s quality and efficiency (Lancaster 2004). The GSWH pilot study was carried out between the first week of July and 8 August[…]
TB has plagued human kind throughout its recorded history and has possibly resulted in more deaths than any other microbial pathogen. The disease is caused by the etiological agent M. tuberculosis (Koch, 1932; Koch, 1952; Koch, 1982), which evolved from East Africa around 3 million years ago and infected early hominids of that time (Gutierrez[…]
Introduction Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disorder characterised by many symptoms of wheezing, cough and chest tightness and also many cells such as mast cells, T-lymphocytes and eosinophiles considered to have major role in initiation of inflammatory response, airway obstruction and mucous secretion.(1) Functionally the immune system is differentiated into antibodies and other cellular[…]
Ocular Melanoma The eye is an essential organ to the human population. It allows us to perceive detail and to carry out tasks which would otherwise have been impossible. We can see both objects that are distant and those that are very close, for example, the minute detail such as pores in fabric in-between each[…]
Introduction Ringworm, or tinea, is a fungal disease that affects the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin of humans and animals. ‘Ringworm’ is an historic term which was given by early scientists as they considered the causative agents to be worms and because of the characteristic ring-shaped lesions formed on affected skin or scalps.[…]
INTRODUCTION The anti-tumour activity of L-asparaginase has been known for decades and the drug has been used systematically in the treatment of ALL. Justification of its use as an anti-leukaemic drug was based on the fact that leukaemic cells exhibit reduced AS activity in comparison with normal cells. These particular cells are entirely dependent on[…]
“In an incident that ratlled the country, dozens of young men taunted and groped two girls as they left a New Year Eve’s party at a popular five star hotel in Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay. An Indian newspaper photographer called the police and recorded the melee in a shocking series of photos that ran[…]
HCC (Hepatocellular carcinoma) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and is the most common form of liver cancer (Thorgeirsson SS and Grisham JW, 2003). Epidemiological studies show that infection with hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) or contact with genotoxic and cytotoxic chemicals, such as ethanol, are the leading causes[…]
1.1 Introduction Hypertension, or elevated arterial blood pressure, affects about 25% of the adult population in the developed world. Hypertension is a substantial public health problem, and a major risk factor for many common causes of morbidity and mortality including stroke, heart attacks, and renal diseases (Lifton 2001). Of world deaths in 2000 attributable to[…]
A novel approach to prophylactic and therapeutic adjuvanticity; combined stimulation of TLR4 and optimal activation of APC’s enhances the robustness of ASO4 adjuvanted vaccine responses. For successful vaccination, the vaccine must be able to induce a hardy innate and adaptive response to create long lived plasma cells and memory B cells. So upon a second[…]
INTRODUCTION 1 Drugs which are developed to treat rare diseases are known as ‘orphan drugs’. In this case, ‘rare diseases’ mean diseases that affect few members of the population. Mostly research is always going on in relation to the commonly produced diseases but no one was carrying research out on the rarely developed diseases. Because[…]