Comparing the accuracy of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging during the diagnosis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Abstract Pancreatic adenocarcinoma consists the most common form of pancreatic cancer, one of the most prevalent malignant diseases on a worldwide level. Its poor prognosis, even when in cases that it is diagnosed in the relatively early stages of[…]
Introduction Non-medical prescribing (NMP) has contributed to one of the most significant changes amongst healthcare professionals; a resultant modification from the roles that were traditionally fulfilled (Cooper et al, 2006). Based on an initial model of supplementary prescribing (SP) that was developed in the 1990’s which was solely in use by community nurses, the adaption[…]
PEM Preventing Microbial Infection The large ectoplasmic domain and complicated glycosylation pattern of polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) allows for its role as an inhibitor of pathogenic infection. In the gastrointestinal tract, steric inhibition prevents the invasion of normal flora as bacteria have been shown to interact directly with mucin structures at the epithelial surface. The[…]
Background and aims A pilot study (also known as a feasibility study) is a small-scale study designed to test logistics and gather information prior to a larger study, in order to improve the latter’s quality and efficiency (Lancaster 2004). The GSWH pilot study was carried out between the first week of July and 8 August[…]
TB has plagued human kind throughout its recorded history and has possibly resulted in more deaths than any other microbial pathogen. The disease is caused by the etiological agent M. tuberculosis (Koch, 1932; Koch, 1952; Koch, 1982), which evolved from East Africa around 3 million years ago and infected early hominids of that time (Gutierrez[…]
Introduction Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disorder characterised by many symptoms of wheezing, cough and chest tightness and also many cells such as mast cells, T-lymphocytes and eosinophiles considered to have major role in initiation of inflammatory response, airway obstruction and mucous secretion.(1) Functionally the immune system is differentiated into antibodies and other cellular[…]
Ocular Melanoma The eye is an essential organ to the human population. It allows us to perceive detail and to carry out tasks which would otherwise have been impossible. We can see both objects that are distant and those that are very close, for example, the minute detail such as pores in fabric in-between each[…]
Introduction Ringworm, or tinea, is a fungal disease that affects the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin of humans and animals. ‘Ringworm’ is an historic term which was given by early scientists as they considered the causative agents to be worms and because of the characteristic ring-shaped lesions formed on affected skin or scalps.[…]
INTRODUCTION The anti-tumour activity of L-asparaginase has been known for decades and the drug has been used systematically in the treatment of ALL. Justification of its use as an anti-leukaemic drug was based on the fact that leukaemic cells exhibit reduced AS activity in comparison with normal cells. These particular cells are entirely dependent on[…]
“In an incident that ratlled the country, dozens of young men taunted and groped two girls as they left a New Year Eve’s party at a popular five star hotel in Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay. An Indian newspaper photographer called the police and recorded the melee in a shocking series of photos that ran[…]
HCC (Hepatocellular carcinoma) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and is the most common form of liver cancer (Thorgeirsson SS and Grisham JW, 2003). Epidemiological studies show that infection with hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) or contact with genotoxic and cytotoxic chemicals, such as ethanol, are the leading causes[…]
1.1 Introduction Hypertension, or elevated arterial blood pressure, affects about 25% of the adult population in the developed world. Hypertension is a substantial public health problem, and a major risk factor for many common causes of morbidity and mortality including stroke, heart attacks, and renal diseases (Lifton 2001). Of world deaths in 2000 attributable to[…]
A novel approach to prophylactic and therapeutic adjuvanticity; combined stimulation of TLR4 and optimal activation of APC’s enhances the robustness of ASO4 adjuvanted vaccine responses. For successful vaccination, the vaccine must be able to induce a hardy innate and adaptive response to create long lived plasma cells and memory B cells. So upon a second[…]
INTRODUCTION 1 Drugs which are developed to treat rare diseases are known as ‘orphan drugs’. In this case, ‘rare diseases’ mean diseases that affect few members of the population. Mostly research is always going on in relation to the commonly produced diseases but no one was carrying research out on the rarely developed diseases. Because[…]
Gene therapy is an experimental technique to treat disease or disorders using genes. It is predicted that in the near future instead of drugs or surgery doctors will use gene therapy to treat a disorder. Various approaches are being tested by researchers. Important among them are replacing a mutated gene with a healthy copy, inactivating[…]
RESEARCH PROPOSAL Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A study examining geographical variations in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD across England over a period of one year. Background and statement of the problem Case for over-diagnosis All children exhibit the hallmark symptoms of impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention to some degree; however, ADHD can only be[…]
Background Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes mild to severe diarrhoea which can lead to life threatening conditions such as pseudomembraneous colitis. Clostridium difficile infection is generally characterised by prior hospitalisation, prior antibiotics usage, older age and co-morbidities. Clostridium difficile causes outbreaks in hospital which maybe as a result of the community being a reservoir for[…]
Steroid secretion is an essential part of human physiology. Steroids are involved in a number of different important processes, such as inflammation (Critchley et al., 1999; Maia and Casoy, 2008), control of circulating volume (Stewart, 2008) and psychological well-being (Weber, 1998), as well as having critical significance in aspects of human sexual development (Geissler et[…]