Critical Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.) and Cognitive Ability. Introduction The assessment of a person’s psychological aspects such as knowledge, skills and abilities has become a central component of Psychometrics (Gavin, 2008). Early research within the psychometrics domain had as it main aim to measure intelligence (Gavin, 2008). […]
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the conditions for which neuro-feedback has been used. This essay will discuss the application of this psychophysiological technique on children with ADHD. First, ADHD will be introduced and the rationale for the treatment, procedures and characteristics of neuro-feedback, as well as its strength and inadequacies will be[…]
In both theology and psychology, there is an established idea that each person has an internal image of God. In Judaeo-Christian thought, the concept of the image of God has its roots in Old Testament scripture which describes humans as being created in the image of God. This has played an important role in theology[…]
There is a claim that people can be implicitly (unconsciously) prejudiced. Critically evaluate the evidence for this claim. Prejudice is a generally negative attitude toward an outgroup (Brendl et al., 2001). It is an unconscious attitude and can develop either through direct experience or by social learning (Dovidio et al., 2001). It influences feelings, thoughts[…]
Abstract This study examined the relationships between paranormal beliefs and gender and thinking styles. London-based university students majoring in psychology (N = 158) filled in two questionnaires: the Rational-Experiential Inventory 40 and the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale. The results showed that intuitive thinking was positively correlated to paranormal beliefs, and rational thinking was negatively correlated[…]
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is currently the treatment of choice for a number of psychological difficulties (www.nice.org.uk). CBT is a directive, goal-oriented, problem-solving psychological therapy and as such can initially seem at odds with clinicians prising client-centeredness, openness, non-directedness and not-knowing. One of the most fundamental aspects of CBT is the setting of homework between[…]
One of the key components of leadership during critical and major incidents, is the ability to plan and facilitate effective pre-briefing and debriefing sessions (Laureate, 2010). These sessions are crucial to the ongoing incident for a number of reasons, including the fact that they are one of the few times within the incident that a[…]
1. Introduction 1.1 An intriguing phenomenon Every week in the Indian slums, approximately 50,000 children are born into lives of poverty, neglect, abuse, violence, poor sanitation and overall deprivation (Union Government, 2011). Most people expect them to fail and crumble under the pressure of these adverse circumstances. Yet, every year a handful of these very[…]
Therapists and counsellors of different orientations use cognitive-behavioural and mindfulness approaches to inform and guide their practice with clients. In this essay, I will examine similarities and differences in their accounts of the origins of distress, the goals of therapy, the role of the therapist and the kinds of therapeutic interventions that follow. While these[…]
Introduction The field of human development and growth, beginning from the birth of a baby, has been vigorously researched by psychologists and psychiatrists; the former working from the standpoint of normality, the latter on abnormality. This has led to the formulation of wide-ranging theories about human growth and, more specifically, about infant and child development.[…]
The acquisition of numerical systems and the subsequent mathematical applications of these can be seen as one of humanity’s greatest achievements. Numbers allow us to record observations, explain natural phenomena and develop advanced technologies. Mathematics is the only field in which perfect, indisputable proof can be obtained. Darwinian evolution could be false, reality could be[…]
Sleep is a universal behaviour that has been demonstrated in every animal species studied, from insects to mammals. It is one of the most significant of human behaviours, occupying roughly one-third of our lives. Although the exact functions of sleep are still unknown, it is clearly necessary for survival since prolonged sleep deprivation leads physical[…]
When schizophrenia was in its primary stages of definition, it was presented as a novel form of a neuro-degenerative disorder, similar to that which had been previously seen amongst sufferers of Alzheimer’s or Huntington’s diseases (Woods, 1998, p. 1661). Emil Kraepelin (1904) was the first to propose that schizophrenia could be considered as a disease.[…]
Psychology is the study of human and animal behaviour, experience and the mind, which aims to give society an understanding of human nature and subsequently help to improve it. Psychology, as a discipline, has been dotted with different approaches and theories, as demonstrated by the early experiments of Wilhelm Wundt (1850’s), to the conditioning programmes[…]
This paper examines government initiatives to improve the health of the population. The application of scientific research within the field of health psychology is discussed in relation to these government initiatives. In particular, the need to address diseases of lifestyle via the application of such research is highlighted in terms of costs to the NHS.[…]
Abstract This essay aims to highlight some of the main approaches in psychological theory that have contributed to our understanding of grief, loss and adjustment associated with death, dying and bereavement. Some of the main models that have influenced the work on this subject have been outlined briefly and then examined with respect to existing[…]
How we define ‘self’ is one of the questions in social psychology that is not only of interest to the practitioners themselves, but is also central to everyone on a more personal level. Even when we do not directly contemplate the meaning and how we have come to define ‘self’, we are nonetheless in the[…]
Introduction Dissociation, hence abandonment of the monolithic view of visual processing, was primarily proposed by Schneider in 1969. Subsequently, Ungerleider & Mishkin (1982) distinguished between the differing processing strategies of instead, two proposed streams, as being associated with appreciation of object qualities, and location. Although influential, this model was superseded by Milner & Goodale (1992,[…]
Structure of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) The current diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) require presenting symptoms from each of three clusters: re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000). These clusters were developed based on clinical experience rather than empirical research (Olff, Sijbrandij, Opmeer, Carlier & Gersons, 2009), and since the initial[…]